AI Evaluation · Human-AI Interaction · AI Governance
Afifah Kashif

Afifah Kashif

Hi! I’m Afifah. I recently completed my MPhil (with Distinction!) at Cambridge. My dissertation evaluated the technical methods we use to measure social bias in conversational AI, reframing bias auditing as a measurement problem that feeds into a regulatory one.

Before that I studied computer science on a pre-law track at UW, built assistive robots, taught hundreds of first-time programmers, and shipped software that reaches 80 million students. All my work connects back to the same idea: how can you ensure an AI or robotics system works for the people who end up living with it?

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§ 02 / News

Recent Updates

§ 03 / Education

Where I’ve Studied

University of CambridgeCentre for Human-Inspired AI · Cambridge, UK

Oct 2025 - Jun 2026
MPhil Human-Inspired Artificial Intelligence

Distinction.
Dissertation: Bias by Whose Definition? The Construct Validity of Dictionary-Based and LLM-as-Judge Bias Evaluation in Conversational AI.
Supervised by Dr. Malak Sadek, Dr. Jin Huang and Dr. Hatice Gunes.

University of WashingtonPaul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering · Seattle, USA

Sep 2022 - Jun 2025
B.S. Computer Science, Minor in Law, Societies & Justice

GPA 3.77/4.00, Dean’s List, completed one year early.
Capstone: Ointment Care Robot for Limited Mobility Users, with Dr. Maya Cakmak.

Honors Study abroad in Rome, Italy (Jan - Mar 2024): The Global Refugee Crisis: From Devastation to Diaspora.

Bellevue CollegeBellevue, USA

Sep 2020 - Jun 2022
A.A. Arts and Sciences & A.S. Engineering, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences

GPA 3.98/4.00, Dean’s List.
Dual associates earned concurrently with high school through dual credit.

§ 04 / Experience

Where I’ve Worked

View through a different lens:
Or in the voice of:
Visiting Researcher

Stanford UniversityLegal Innovation through Frontier Technology Lab · Stanford Law School

Sep 2026 - Present

Building a benchmark that separates genuinely contested litigation questions from settled ones, measuring whether models collapse doctrinal disagreement into a single answer. Expert annotation with practicing litigators, with Prof. Julian Nyarko and Dr. Megan Ma.

Research Assistant

University of CambridgeDept. of Computer Science and Technology · Centre for Human-Inspired AI

July 2026 - Present

Construct validity in AI bias evaluation (continued dissertation work). Dark patterns in interactive systems with Dr. Katie Seaborn (Aspire Lab). Ethics-centered hackathons as a method for participatory design with Dr. Malak Sadek (HIVE Lab).

Researcher

PluralisticAI Lab Dr. Zhenzhen Qi (University of Connecticut) · Dr. Avijit Ghosh (Hugging Face)

Mar 2026 - Present

Co-designing a controlled human-subjects study evaluating whether an open-source, multi-persona LLM interface can reduce political polarization. Combining cognitive science, political studies, AI alignment, game design and HCI.

See more →
Civic, Open & Resilient Democracy Action Fellow

Odyssean Institute Jacob Haimes (Apart Research) · Dr. Swaptik Chowdhury (RAND)

Apr 2026 - Sep 2026

Built a 297-variable causal loop diagram from a 23-expert AI risk horizon scan, plus an LLM coding pipeline matching inter-human agreement on risk-domain classification. Outputs feed decision support for UK and global citizens' assemblies.

Robotics Software Engineering Intern

Hello RobotUX + Human-Robot Interaction · Dr. Vinitha Ranganeni

May 2025 - Aug 2025

Designed an interactive dashboard and workflow for managing autonomous robot power systems, combining real-time battery feedback, predictive alerts, and manual override controls. Iteratively prototyped and user-tested for trust, reliability, and operator agency.

Research Assistant

University of WashingtonWordplay Project · UW Information School · Dr. Amy Ko

Sep 2024 - June 2025

Led template design for an accessible, multilingual programming language learning platform deployed in local schools, scaffolding first-time coders with pre-built “templates”. Coordinated an open-source contributor community.

See photo →
Backend Software Engineering Intern

HowellCoStealth Startup

Jul 2024 - Sep 2024

Contributed to backend service development at a beta-stage startup, designing products, devising a testing strategy, and using Azure services and Python scripting to enhance backend infrastructure on the mobile app.

Software Engineering Intern

Code.orgProduct-Oriented EdTech Engineering

Jul 2023 - Sep 2023

Engineered full-stack, web-based coding games in React and Ruby on Rails for a platform used by 80 million students and 2 million teachers, working across engineering and product.

Operations & Product Intern

FiveableEdTech Startup

Apr 2021 - Nov 2021

Scaled internal operations and product workflows during the company’s transition into a consumer platform. Led design of a student-facing platform aimed at improving access for first-generation and low-income learners.

§ 05 / Research

Research

Area:
Status:
P / 01

Designing Power Systems as a Social Interface for Assistive Robots

ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) 2027 [Under Review]

Afifah Kashif, Vy Nguyen, Vinitha Ranganeni

2026 →
P / 02

Do Language and Visual Perturbations Compound? Interaction Effects and Backend Sensitivity in Compact Vision-Language-Action Model Evaluation

International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) 2027 [Under Review]

Abdul Muhsin Hameed, Afifah Kashif, Asim Iqbal

2026 →
P / 03

Refusal Is Not Scored: A Coverage Limit in Content-Based Bias Evaluation

Manuscript. arXiv submission pending.

Afifah Kashif, Malak Sadek, Jin Huang, Hatice Gunes

2026 →
P / 04

Synthetic Dataset Creation as Governance Infrastructure for Embodied AI Bias Evaluation

UK AI Research Symposium (UKAIRS) 2026, Emerging Research Track

Afifah Kashif

2026 →
P / 05

Beyond the Monolithic Interface: A Research Agenda for Plural Conversational AI

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (Nature Portfolio) [Under Review]

Avijit Ghosh, Afifah Kashif, Isabelle Kohout, Zhenzhen Qi

2026 →
P / 06

Mapping Collective Imaginaries of AI Risk: Expert Elicitation, Causal Modeling and LLM-Assisted Coding

AI4GOOD Workshop @ NeurIPS 2026 [Accepted]

Anshikha Kumar*, Afifah Kashif*, Jacob Haimes, Swaptik Chowdhury

*authors contributed equally

2026 →
P / 07

Governance as Methodology: Toward Anticipatory, Design-Embedded Governance for Human-Robot Interaction

2nd Interactive AI for Human-Centered Robotics Workshop @ ACM/IEEE HRI

Afifah Kashif, Malak Sadek

2026 →
P / 08

Governance at the Edge of Architecture: Regulating NeuroAI and Neuromorphic Systems

arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.01503

Afifah Kashif, Abdul Muhsin Hameed, Asim Iqbal

2026 →
P / 09

Regulatory Considerations for Physically Assistive Robotics Researchers

Physical Caregiving Robots Workshop @ ACM/IEEE HRI

Afifah Kashif, Amal Nanavati, Maya Cakmak

2025 →
P / 10

Assessing GPT’s Bias Towards Stigmatized Social Groups: An Intersectional Case Study on Nationality Prejudice and Psychophobia

Considering Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in AI Workshop, ASIS&T US West

Afifah Kashif*, Heer Patel*

*authors contributed equally

2025 →
§ 06 / Projects

Selected Projects

Undergraduate Capstone · 2025

Assistive Ointment Care Robot

Undergraduate group capstone project at the University of Washington, taught by Dr. Maya Cakmak. An assistive system on the Stretch RE2 mobile manipulator that lets people with limited mobility apply topical medication independently, with a custom brush attachment, programming-by-demonstration with ROS and a web-based GUI for area selection and emergency control. Designed around a human-in-the-loop model that preserves user agency in intimate healthcare contexts. Co-designed with people who manage chronic eczema, professional caregivers, and an occupational therapist.

Human-Robot Interaction · Co-Design Watch demo → Read paper →
Masters Dissertation · 2025-2026

Bias by Whose Definition?

MPhil in Human-Inspired AI at Cambridge, supervised by Dr. Jin Huang, Dr. Malak Sadek, and Dr. Hatice Gunes (AFAR Lab, HIVE Lab). Seven standard bias evaluation methods, run against each other across three datasets, produce no agreement that survives correction for multiple comparisons. Methods sharing the label “bias evaluation” are not measuring the same thing. Built a six-coder human ground truth benchmark, tested for self-evaluation effects when LLM judges score outputs from their own model family and surfaced a differential-refusal pattern of invisible allocative bias. Reframed bias evaluation as a question of measurement validity rather than method choice, providing recommendations for practitioners and regulators auditing deployed systems.

AI Evaluation · Fairness · Measurement Validity Read → Code →
Human-AI Collaboration Research · 2026

Error Overlap in Human-AI Complementarity

Investigated why the most accurate model doesn’t always make the best human-AI team. Across three binary classification tasks, showed that error overlap between model and human (not standalone accuracy) predicts team performance, with the least accurate model sometimes forming the strongest team under learned deferral. Also examined how deferral strategies shift who receives human review, raising fairness concerns.

Algorithmic Decision-Making · Fairness Read paper → Code →
AI Research · 2026

AI x Neuroscience Investigation

Replicated and extended Goldstein et al.’s finding that the human brain and autoregressive language models share computational principles during speech comprehension. Using the Podcast ECoG dataset (9 subjects, 1,330 electrodes), reproduced evidence for next-word prediction, post-onset surprise, and contextual representation. A novel variance partitioning analysis showed that surprisal and contextual embeddings capture largely independent neural signals, supporting the view that prediction and representation are dissociable in the brain’s language system.

Computational Neuroscience · NLP · ECoG Read paper →
UX Research · 2024-2025

Wordplay, Coding for All

A multilingual, accessible, scaffolded coding environment built with Dr. Amy Ko at the UW Information School. Led template design (pre-structured code blocks students could drag and remix), coordinated an open-source community of nearly 80 contributors, and conducted classroom deployments in a partner school. Anchored the design in literature on inclusive edtech and educational governance.

Service Design · Ed-Tech · Accessibility See photo →
Community Work · 2025-present

IRC Digital Literacy Program

A program I founded with the International Rescue Committee and a local hospital to teach digital literacy to refugee communities in Seattle. I designed the curriculum, taught weekly classes, and secured grants for translation and access.

Curriculum · Accessibility · Community
§ 07 / Talks

Talks & Public Speaking

Hack the LawResearch Pitch
Won the Hack the Law Research Pitch Competition (Stanford x Cambridge) with Disagreement-Aware Legal AI: A System and Human Study on Surfacing Doctrinal Contestation. Funded for research placement at Stanford’s Legal Innovation through Frontier Technology Lab (Liftlab)!
June 2026
London BuildathonOrganizer
Helped organize and emcee the Shared Futures Foundation Buildathon in London.
June 2026
See photos ↓
Shared Futures Buildathon London 2026 Shared Futures Buildathon London 2026 Shared Futures Buildathon London 2026
CHIA Annual ConferencePanel Speaker
Represented my MPhil cohort at the Centre for Human-Inspired Artificial Intelligence (CHIA) Annual Conference on the “Intergenerational Perspectives on AI in a Changing World” panel at the Cambridge Union.
June 2026
See photos ↓
CHIA Annual Conference 2026 CHIA Annual Conference 2026 CHIA Annual Conference 2026
Centre for Human-Inspired AI, CambridgeDissertation Seminar
May 2026
See photos ↓
Dissertation talk at Centre for Human-Inspired AI
CCBF AI Startup CompetitionSemifinalist
Pitched an LLM evaluation startup at the Cambridge China Business Forum.
May 2026
CHIA Early Career Community EventSpeaker
Presented my work surrounding conversational AI, social robotics, and the bias-to-LLM-to-robotics pipeline.
May 2026
See photos ↓
CHIA Early Career Community Event
A Learning LabGuest speaker
A guest session on questions of who benefits from technology and what powers shape its design, framing technology as inherently social, political, and human.
Mar 2026
Clare College, Cambridge700th Anniversary
“The Politics of Educational Technology”: About how AI in edtech systems isn’t neutral, and the risk of automating inequity at scale if we don’t question what norms our systems center.
Feb 2026
See photos ↓
Clareity talk at Clare College Clareity talk at Clare College
Inclusive Design FuturesCambridge Lecture
Invited to lecture Matteo Zallio’s undergraduate course at the University of Cambridge on Inclusive Design Futures: “An Ethical AI Lens for Neuroinclusive Design,” on treating neuroinclusion not as compliance but as a generative design philosophy.
Feb 2026
See photos ↓
An Ethical AI Lens for Neuroinclusive Design guest lecture
HRI 2026Workshop paper presentation
Presented work on anticipatory, design-embedded governance for human-robot interaction.
Mar 2026
See photos ↓
HRI 2026 HRI 2026 HRI 2026 HRI 2026
Karl-Adam Bonniers FoundationNordic Scholars
Gave speech at closing forum hosted by Karl-Adam Bonniers Foundation as part of the Nordic Scholars Leadership Initiative. See post →
Sep 2025
See photos ↓
Nordic Scholars Leadership Institute
ASIS&T US WestWorkshop paper
Co-presented work on intersectional bias in GPT toward stigmatized social groups.
May 2025
HRI 2025Workshop paper presentation
“Regulatory Considerations for Physically Assistive Robotics Researchers” at the Physical Caregiving Robots workshop.
Mar 2025
Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & EngineeringRoundtable
Roundtable discussion with Washington State legislators and industry representatives on the impact of the Allen School. Spoke on community, opportunity, and the importance of diverse voices in shaping technology. See post →
Nov 2024
See photos ↓
Allen School roundtable with legislators
Tapia Conference 2024Workshop host
The only undergraduate team to host a workshop at CMD-IT/ACM Richard Tapia 2024, on broadening participation in computing through community-engaged hackathons. See post →
Sep 2024
See photos ↓
Tapia Conference hackathon workshop
§ 08 / Teaching

Teaching

University of CambridgeCS & HCI Supervisor
Held Oxbridge-style supervisions across Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction; covering core CS theory and practice (polymorphism, encapsulation, design patterns) alongside HCI methods.
Oct 2025 - Mar 2026
International Rescue CommitteeFounder & Instructor
Founded a digital literacy program in partnership with Kabul Seattle Community Services and the International Rescue Committee. Designed the curriculum, taught weekly, secured grants and volunteers.
Jan 2025 - present
Stanford Code in PlaceSection Leader
Delivered Python curriculum to global students; weekly virtual sessions of 15 with 80% attendance.
Apr 2024 - May 2024
CPIA1 RomaLanguage & Literacy Teacher
Co-taught language and integration courses for migrant mothers in Rome; learned the importance of community centered work.
Jan 2024 - Mar 2024
University of WashingtonTeaching Assistant
TA for Intro Programming and The Hardware/Software Interface. Guided 600+ students through procedural programming, data structures, recursion, and systems-level concepts, held weekly office hours across three courses for a cohort of 1,500, and helped students debug Java, C, and assembly programs.
Jan 2023 - Mar 2025
§ 09 / Skills

My (Not Just Technical) Skills

Software Engineering

Python JavaScript / TypeScript Ruby (Rails) C HTML / CSS SQL React Node.js Backend (Azure, AWS, REST APIs) Git Linux/UNIX & Bash Open-Source Community Management

AI & Robotics

LLM Evaluation & Benchmarking Human-in-the-Loop Methods Multi-Agent / Multi-Persona Systems Hugging Face PyTorch scikit-learn NumPy / pandas Ollama ROS / ROS2 Stretch RE2 (Hello Robot)

Research

Experimental Design Human-Subjects & User Studies Agreement Analysis Benchmark & Dataset Construction Annotation Pipelines Qualitative Coding Mixed-Methods Research Literature Review Survey Design LaTeX

Governance & Policy

Anticipatory Governance Sociotechnical Risk Analysis Regulatory Analysis Standards & regulatory frameworks (EU AI Act, NIST AI RMF) Multi-Stakeholder Coordination

Design / UX

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) User Research & Interviewing Co-Design / Participatory Design Accessible Design Prototyping (Figma) Usability Testing

Languages

English (native) Urdu / Hindi (native)
§ 10 / Personal

Off the screen

When I’m not at a computer, I love to hike, climb, sew + design clothes, ride motorcycles, and travel!

Map Hikes from around Washington!

Click a pin for details. Map data © OpenStreetMap.

Gallery A few of my favorite travels :)

Get in touch.

I am always down to chat about my work, interests, potential collaborations, or to grab a coffee :)

LinkedIn
in/afifah-k
GitHub
AfifahK
Research
Google Scholar
Currently in
SF Bay Area
© 2026 Afifah Kashif
Last updated Oct 2026